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JOHN CASSON, OF SHEFFIELD PARISH, ENGLAND.

Laim Patent No. 89,556, dma Ma@ 4, 1869.

The Schedule referred to :iu these Letters Patent and makingpart of the same.

To all to whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN CASSON, of No. 10 Saint J amess street, in the parish of Sheffield, in the county of York, England, mechanical dranghtsman, a subject .of the Queen of Great Britain, have invented, or discovered new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Planing Wood and I, the said J OHN GAssoN, do

hereby declare the nature of the said nventiom-and-in lowing parts, that is to say, a disk-plane, an adj ustable fence for holding the wood to be planed, a compound travelling-car1iage, upon which the said fence is mounted, and a fixed horizontal bed, upon 'which the said carriage is caused to slide, for the purpose of bringing the wood up to the cutters, inserted in and carried by the disk-plane.

The compound travelling-carriage is made in two parts, the lower part being furnished with a rack, into which gears a pinion, carried by a shaft, which turns in bearings in the bed of the machine, and receives motion from a worm, driven by reversing-pulleys, which worm gears into a worm-wheel on the said shaft.

The carriage is thus caused to traverse backward and forward, and bring the wood up tothe cutters in either direction.

The upper part of the carriage is pivoted, at its centre, to the under part, so as to be capable of limited radial motion in a horizontal plane, being adjusted to the required angle by means of a pinion and winch-at one end of the said upper part of the carriage, which pinion gears into a rack, formed on the lower part of the said carriage.

By this arrangement the wood can be presented obliquely to the cutters, for the purpose of being planed into a taper, or pyramidal figure.

The adjustable fence consists of a plate, or frame, supported, at each end, by horizontal centres, carried by the upper part of the travelling-carriage.

The said fence is provided with a series of dogs/f by which the wood to be planed is held.

These dogs` slide in and out of guide-blocks, which are capable of adjustment in vertical guides in the fence, being caused to recede from or to approach each other, by means of es, which turn in bearings in l the fence, and are worked by means of hand-wheels,

each of which screws passes through and works in two of the said blocks, and is so jointed at its middle, as to allow of its upper and lower portions being turned, as required, independently of each other.

By this arrangement, the dogs can be brought to bear upon rough-hewn timber, or other wood of an irregular form.

A toothed quadrant is affixed to the back of the fence, in the teeth of which quadrant gears a pinion on a shaft, which turns in a bracket, or arm, on the upper part of the travelling-carriage, and receives motion from a worm, turned by a winch, which worm gears into a worm-wheel fixed on the said shaft.

The fence can thus be brought to any required angle within a quarter of a circle, facing the disk-plane, being xed at such angle by means of lset-screws, carried by the bracket hereinbefore referred to, which screws pass through slots in the quadrant aforesaid. Y

By this arrangement I am enabled to square up the sides of any polygon.

The disk-plane consists of a revolving metallic disk, the edge of which is rounded olf from the front toward the back of the said disk, the rounded-olf portion being equal to about one-quarter of the radius of the disk.

In the rounded-olf, or curved portion of the disk, jacking, or roughing-cutters, having cutting-edges of suitable curve, are fixed' at an angle of about thirtyve degrees to the radial 'line of the disk, and in the flat face of the said disk, smoothing, or finishing-cutters are flxed, at an angle of about thirty degrees to the radial line.

By' this arrangement the wood is first acted upon by the roughing-cutters, 'which take-olf, at a stroke, any depth of cut, from a fine shaving to a portion equal in depth to the thickness of the curved part of the disk, according to the adjustment of the machine, and then comes under the action of the linishing-cutters, which give it the requisite smoothness, and, owing to all the cutters being set at an angle, as aforesaid, each of them is caused to act obliquely on the wood, having, what I may term, a sliding rather than a chopping action, se that a smaller expenditure of power is required to work the plane, than would otherwise be required.

The said plano is carried-by a horizontal shaft, furnished with band-pulleys, and turning in bearings Iin a head-stock, which slides ou a fixed bed at right angles to the carriage hereinbefore referred to, so that the said head-stock can be made to recede from or to approach the fence, according to the thickness of the wood to be planed.

The head-stock is adjusted, as required, by means of a screwed shaft, which turns in bearings in theubed, and is worked by a winch, and passes through a female screw, affixed to the said head-stock.

In connection with the said screwed shaft, I arrange an index, for the purpose of measuring and indicating the distance between the disk-plane and the face of the fence.

rlhis index consists of axed pointer, and a revolving dial, the circumference of which is divided into inches and eighths of inches, or otherwise, as required.

The said dial is carried by a hollow axis, furnished with a worm-wheel, which turns on a shaft, to which the pointer is atlixed, which said wheel receives motion from a worm, carried by a shaft, on which a toothed -wheel is so fitted, as to be capable of sliding thereon.

This wheel is driven by another toothed wheel, similarly fitted on the screwed shaft hereinbefore referred to, so that as the head-stock is adjusted by means of the said screwed shaft, the distance to which the disk plane is moved from the fence is indicated by the dial and pointer.

The arrangement of machinery hereinbefore described, is applicable to the planing of wood into fiat or-angular forms. When, however, it is required to plane wood into cylindrical, elliptical, or conical forms, I aiiix to the fence hereinbefore referred to, brackets, which receive centres, or chucks, on which the wood to be planed is caused tol revolve, as it passes the diskplane, the revolution of the wood being effected by means of a band, passing over band-pulleys.

The planing of masts and other like articles can be thus eifected.

When the wood is to be planed into an elliptical form, I use chucks of the kind known as the oval Having now described the nature of my invention, I will proceed to describe the manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being had to the drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures andletters marked thereon; that is to say-'- Figure l represents, in side elevation, machinery, constructed according to my invention and Figures 2 and 3 represent the said machinery, in

plan and end elevation, respectively.

Figure 4 is an end elevation of the said machinery,

illustrating its adaptation to the planing of wood intov cylinders, and other like forms, the said elevation being taken from the opposite point of view to that from which the elevation, fig. 3, is taken.

Figure 5 is a side elevation of part of the machinery,

arranged for planing wood into cylinders, as aforesaid.`

Figures 6, 6^, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and l2, illustrate details hereinafter referred to. A

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.

A is a bed, bolted to foundations A A', on which bed the compound travelling-carriage B C slides.

The lower part B of the said carriage is furnished with a rack, b, into which gears a pinion, d1, carried by a shaft, D, turning in bearings d2 d2.

E is a shaft, turning in bearings, q q. Y

This shaft carries reversing-pulleys cI e, by which it is driven, and a worm, e2, which gears into a wormwheel, d3, keyed to the shaft D.

The part C ofthe travelling-carriage turns on a pivot, b, carried by the part B, (which pivot is shown dotted in fig. 2,) and is brought to the angle required by means of a pinion, c1, which gears into a rack, b2, on the part B, the end of the axis on which the said vpinion is fixed being squared, so as to receive a winch, by means of which the said axis can be turned, when required.

cZ is a slot, through which passes a set-screw b3, carried by the part b, by means of which slotand screw the part G may be fixed at the angle to which the said part may have been brought, as aforesaid.

F is the fence, which is mounted on centres G G, passing through supports g g.

H H arefdogs, which slide in guide-blocks hl h1, being projected from or withdrawn toward the face of the fence, l(according to the thickness of the wood to be planed,) by means of worms I I, which engage with teeth h h2, formed on the said dogs J J are screws, which pass through female. screws in the blocks h1 h, and turn in bearings in tl e fence.

j j are hand-wheels, by means of which the said vscrews are turned, as required.

Flach of the said screws is formed in two parts, jointed, as indicated in dotted lines, so that either half of the screw can be turned independently of the other, and

with, are shown on a large scale, in plan, in fig. 6, in`

side elevation in iig. 6,", and in end elevation in fig. 7.

K is a toothed quadrant, affixed to the back of the fence.

c? is a bracket, formed on the upper part C of the travelling-carriage, in which bracket a shaft, L, turns.

This shaft carries a toothed pinion, Z, and a wormwheel, Z2.

The pinion l gears into the toothed quadrant K.

M is a shaft, which turns in the bracket c3, and carries a worm, m1, which engages with the teeth of the worm-wheel l2, the said shaft being turned, as required, by means of the cross-handle m2.

k k are slots, through which pass set-screws c* c, by means of which screws the quadrant K can be xed in any position to which it may be brought by the gearing aboveA described.

N is the disk-plane, portions of which are represented on a larger scale, in figs. 8, 9, and 10, fig. 8 being a side eleization of a portion of the edge of the said plane, with one of the jacking cutters xed therein, iig. 9, a back elevation of a portion of the said plane, and iig. 10, a section, taken on the line 1, iig. 9.

The edge of the said plan/e is rounded oif at nl, and is furnished with roughing, or jackingcutters n2 n2, the edges of which have a curve, corresponding to that of the part n.

The part nl is turned, or set down, as shown, and

the roughing-cutters are fixed in the said part, withV their edges projecting slightly therefrom. That portion of the edge of each of the said cutters which is next to the fiat polished face of the plane, lying flush with the said face a3 n3, are the nishing, or smoothing-cutters, which are set in the flat portion of the plane, as shown. All the cutters are inserted in the plane, as shown in figs. 9 and 10, the edges of the said cutters passing through slots n* n4, the adjustment of the said cutters being effected by means of set-screws n n, passing through slots n n in the said cutters, and screwing int-o inclines ni at the back of the disk.

The disk-plane N is affixed to a shaft, O, which turns in bearings p p on the head-stock P, and is driven by means of a fast pulley, o1. v

o2 is a loose pulley, to which the driving-strap is. shifted, when it is required to stop the plane.

The head-stock P slides on the bed Q, bolted to the foundation A2,.and is adjusted, as required, by means of a screwed shaft, R, furnished with a hand-wheel, lr, which said screwed shaft turns in bearings in the 4bed Q, and engages with female .screws p2 p2, (see fig. 11,) fixed in a bracket, p3, on the head-stock P.

S is an index-dial, the circumference of which .isdivided into inches or eighths of inches, or otherwise, as required. i

The dial S is carried by a tubular axis s, on which is keyed aworm-wheel s, which turns on a shaft, s, carrying a fixed pointer, s3.

T is a shaft, which turns in bearings in the bed Q, and carries a toothed wheel, t, and a worm, t2, which latter drives the worm-wheel s1., l

The toothed wheel t is driven by a toothed wheel, r2, carried by the screwed shaft R, which screw has a longitudinal groove, fr, formed in it, in which groove a rib, o r feather on the interior of the wheel r2 engages.

The wheel t is similarly fitted upon the shaft T.

Both wheels thus turn with their respective shafts, and also slide upon them, when the head-stock P is moved nearer to or further from the face of the fence.

The details of the mechanism by means of which the head-stock P is adj usted on the bed Q, and the distance of the plane from the fence is indicated, are shown in the sections figs. 11 and 12, the section g. 11 being taken on the line 2, iig. 2, and the section fig. 12 being taken`on the line 3, g. 11.

The action of the machine is as follows: The wood to be planed having been fixed on the fence F, by means of the dogs H, the said fence is set at the required angle, by means of the toothed quadrant K, and the gear in connection therewith. The hand-Wheel 1 is turned until the index S shows that the head-stock-has been brought to the proper posi# tion, according to the thickness ofthe Wood to be plaued. The shafts D and O are then set in motion, and the wood is brought up to the revolving disk-planeN, the jackingcutters n.2 taking olf, in thin shavings, any required thickness, not exceeding the depth of the rounded-off portion'of the disk-plane, in which the said cutters are set, and thc finishing-cutters 11,3 planing the wood to a smooth surface.

When the carriage B C has arrived at the end of its traverse, the machinery is stopped, and the Wood (if it be a plank) is removed from the fence, and rexed therein with its unplaned side toward the disk-plane. The machinery is then again put in motion, the bandpulleys e e being reversed, so as to drive the carriage B C back past the disk-plane.

It will thus be seen that the Wood is planed whilst the carriage is travelling past the disk-plane in either direction.

When the Wood has to be planed into a polygonal form, it is readjusted in the fence after each traverse. When it is required to plane wood into a cylindrical form, I lower the fence into the position shown in figs 4 and 5, and affix to the said fence brackets U U,.having centres, or chucks u ful, between which the wood`V(previously reduced to a polygon) is held, the said wood being caused to revolve as it passes the diskplane, by means of band-pulleys u2 u2, fixed on one of the centres u1 u1.

These pulleys are driven by a strap, W, passing over a revolving cylinder, X, equal in length to the traverse ofthe carriage B C.

When it is required to plane the Wood into a taper, or conical form, the fencell isset at an angle to the plane, (according to the amount of taper to be given to the wood,) by means of the rack b2, pinion c1, and

nut b3, (see figs'. l and 2,) and the carriage is caused to traverse past th'e plane in the manner hereiubefore descijbe'd, with the exception that the Wood is to be subjccted to the action of the plane on the forward trav- 'erse only ofthe said carriage.l

When it is required to plane wood into au elliptical` form, I use chucks of tbekind known asthe oval chuck, which, being Well known, I do not consider it necessarv;T here to describe.

Having now described the nature of my invention, and the manner in which the same isto be performed, l wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details hereiubefore described, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature -of my said invention; buft,

I claim as my invention- 1. The compound carriage and fence hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,that is to say, a compound sliding carriage, the

upper part of which can be set at an angle to the lower part so as to present the wood obliqu'ely to the plane, and a fence jointed to the saidupper part of the said carriage, and provided with the means herein described, so as to hold the wood to be planed at any required angle.

2.4 The combination with the parts named in the preceding clause, of the disk-plane, as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 3 The dogs, as adjusted inumanner hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the accompanying draw- 

